As electric vehicles (EVs) become an increasingly familiar sight on our roads, concerns have naturally surfaced over the risks of battery fires. Images of fierce blazes and reports of cars reigniting days or even weeks later might understandably unsettle drivers considering a switch to electric motoring as well as those who have already switched. Yet while the challenges of EV fires can’t be ignored, it’s important to remember that such incidents remain comparatively rare – and significant progress is being made to reduce both their likelihood and their impact.

Unlike fires in petrol or diesel vehicles, which usually burn out swiftly once fuel is consumed, fires in lithium-ion batteries can be more complex. When damaged or faulty cells undergo a process known as thermal runaway, temperatures soar and highly flammable gases are released. This can produce fierce flames, toxic fumes, and even jet-like bursts of fire. Not only that, extinguishing an EV blaze can take considerably longer and demand far more water – sometimes as much as 30,000 litres, compared with just 1,000 or so for a conventional car fire. In the early days of tackling these fires, some emergency services even resorted to dunking burnt-out vehicles into huge water tanks to stop reignition, only to be left with thousands of litres of contaminated water needing safe disposal.

However, it’s crucial to put these issues in perspective. Data emerging from multiple countries suggests EVs are, if anything, less prone to catching fire than their petrol or diesel counterparts. Studies from regions with high EV uptake indicate significantly lower fire rates for electric vehicles compared with traditional vehicles – yet fires involving EVs often attract greater attention because of their ferocity and the complexities of dealing with them. Nevertheless, experts caution that as EV fleets age and more used vehicles enter the market, vigilance must remain high as older batteries may pose increased risks.

Manufacturers and fire services are responding to the challenge. Carmakers have been refining battery designs, adding protective casings and sophisticated monitoring systems to detect faults before they escalate. Industry standards now require batteries to withstand impacts and avoid fire or explosion for sufficient time to allow occupants to evacuate safely. Meanwhile, fire services worldwide have invested heavily in training and new equipment. Crews learn not only how to cool and contain battery fires – often using specialised extinguishing lances or fire blankets – but also how to handle toxic gases and avoid reignition hazards. Rather than attempting to extinguish some fires completely, firefighters may, in certain circumstances, let the vehicle burn under controlled conditions, focusing instead on keeping surrounding areas safe.

While challenges remain, from managing contaminated runoff to ensuring safe recovery and storage of burnt vehicles, collaboration between emergency services, researchers, and industry is steadily improving knowledge and tactics. Modern firefighting now often involves the presence of Hazardous Materials Tactical Advisors (HMTAs), advanced thermal imaging cameras to monitor battery temperatures, and evolving protocols for safe handling and storage after fires. New safety regulations and guidance, including spacing requirements in car parks and rules around charging infrastructure, are also being developed to reduce risks.

So, while electric vehicle fires present challenges, drivers can take confidence in the fact that these risks remain low, and that industry and emergency services alike are working continually to keep our roads safe.